string - Insert text in the middle of column names in R -

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i insert string "_2010_" after . in colnames of data.frame

data("iris")  > names(iris) [1] "sepal.length" "sepal.width"  "petal.length" "petal.width"  "species"

desired output:

[1] "sepal._2010_length" "sepal._2010_width"  "petal._2010_length" "petal._2010_width"  "species"

help ?

edit: related question: how insert string "_2010_" before . ?

[1] "sepal_2010_.length" "sepal_2010_.width"  "petal_2010_.length" "petal_2010_.width"  "species"

we can use sub , on names of 'iris' has . (by subsetting grep). here, use capture groups ((...)) , replace backreferences (\\1) along newly added substrings (_2010_).

i1 <- grep("[.]", names(iris)) name(iris)[i1] <- sub("([^.]+.)(.*)", "\\1_2010_\\2", names(iris)[i1])

or using single capture group match dot (.\\) followed characters until end of string in capture group. replace dot followed substring , backreference.

sub("\\.(.*)", "._2010_\\1", names(iris)) #[1] "sepal._2010_length" "sepal._2010_width"  "petal._2010_length" #[4] "petal._2010_width"  "species"

if need string before . change order of placement of strings in replacement

sub("\\.(.*)", "_2010_.\\1", names(iris)) #[1] "sepal_2010_.length" "sepal_2010_.width"  "petal_2010_.length" #[4] "petal_2010_.width"  "species"

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